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Big Idea:
The flow of energy drives processes of change in all biological,
chemical, physical and geological systems. The conservation of
energy is a law that can be used to analyze and build understandings
of diverse physical and biological systems. |
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5.7 A.
Motion and Forces |
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Essential Questions |
Enduring Understandings |
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- How would the universe be different if one or
more of the laws of motion were suspended? |
-The same basic rules govern the motion of all
bodies, from planets and stars to birds and billiard balls. |
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Areas of Focus/Cumulative
Progress Indicators |
Comments and Examples |
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By the end of Grade 12: |
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1.
Apply the mathematical relationship between the mass of an object,
the net force exerted on it, and the resulting acceleration. |
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2.
Explain that whenever one object exerts a force on another, an
equal and opposite force is exerted on the first object. |
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3.
Recognize gravity as a universal force of attraction between
masses and that the force is proportional to the masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them. |
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4.
Recognize that electrically charged bodies can attract or repel
each other with a force that depends upon the size and nature of the charges and
the distance between them and know that electric forces play an important role
in explaining the structure and properties of matter. |
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5.
Know that there are strong forces that hold the nucleus of an atom
together and that significant amounts of energy can be released in nuclear
reactions (fission, fusion, and nuclear decay) when these binding forces are
disrupted. |
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6.
Explain how electromagnetic, gravitational, and nuclear forces can
be used to produce energy by causing chemical, physical, or nuclear changes and
relate the amount of energy produced to the nature and relative strength of the
force. |
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7.
Demonstrate that moving electric charges can produce magnetic
forces and moving magnets can produce electric forces. |
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8.
Recognize that magnetic and electrical forces are different
aspects of a single electromagnetic force. |
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5.7 B.
Energy Transformations |
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Essential Questions |
Enduring Understandings |
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- How do we know that things have energy? |
- Energy takes many forms.
- These forms can be grouped into types of energy that are
associated with the motion of mass (kinetic energy), and types of
energy associated with the position of mass and with energy fields
(potential energy). |
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Areas of Focus/Cumulative
Progress Indicators |
Comments and Examples |
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By the end of Grade 12: |
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1.
Explain how the various forms of energy (heat, electricity, sound,
light) move through materials and identify the factors that affect that
movement. |
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2.
Explain that while energy can be transformed from one form to
another, the total energy of a closed system is constant. |
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3.
Recognize that whenever mechanical energy is transformed, some
heat is dissipated and is therefore unavailable for use. |
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4.
Explain the nature of electromagnetic radiation and compare the
components of the electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays. |
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